Below are links to published works, some of which are available as free downloads as PDF files. Papers without links are available free to licence-holders of mortalityrating.com or Longevitas. If you do not have a viewer for PDF files, you can get one free from Adobe.

Other publicly available material can be found amongst the presentations and in the gallery. There is also further material specific to managing portfolios of annuities and pensions. Also available are the lecture notes for survival analysis.

Topical items can be found in our blog.

Annuities and pensions

"Setting the proportion-married assumption" (2008) by S. J. Richards, Longevitas Technical Note. Available free to licence-holders of our software products.

"Improving annuity pricing with address data" (2008) by S. J. Richards, Life and Pensions magazine, September 2008. Available free to licence-holders of our software products.

"Applying survival models to pensioner mortality data" (2008) by Richards, S. J., Presented to Sessional Meeting of Institute of Actuaries, February 25th 2008. Download

"Modelling pensioner longevity" (2007) by Richards, S. J., Life and Pensions magazine, May 2007. Download

"Pricing demographic risks in bulk buy-outs" (2006) by Richards, S. J., . Download

"Anti-selection and annuity pricing" (2005) by Robinson, D. and Richards, S. J., The Actuary magazine, May 2005. Download

"Survey of annuity operations" (2005) by Richards, S. J., Richards Consulting. Available free to licence-holders of our software products.

"Financial aspects of longevity risk" (2004) by Richards, S. J. and Jones, G. L., Staple Inn Actuarial Society. Download This paper is listed as one of the top five papers every life actuary should know about at the 2006 Life Convention.

"Longevity in the 21st Century" (2004) by Willets, R. C, Gallop, A. P., Leandro, P. A., Lu, J. L. C., Macdonald, A. S., Miller, K. A., Richards, S. J., Robjohns, N., Ryan, J. P. and Waters, H. W., British Actuarial Journal, 10, IV, 695--898. Download This paper won two prizes: one from the Faculty of Actuaries and another from the Institute of Actuaries

Mortality projections

"Assessing longevity risk and annuity pricing with the Lee-Carter model" (2009) by S. J. Richards, To be presented to Faculty of Actuaries sessional meeting on 16th February 2009. Preview version available to licence-holders of our software

"Detecting year-of-birth mortality patterns with limited data" (2008) by Richards, S. J., Journal of Royal Statistical Society (Series A), 171, Part 1, 1--20. Download Available free to licence-holders of our software products.

"International trends in pensioner longevity" (2007) by Richards, S. J., International News, Society of Actuaries, July 2007. Download

"Understanding pensioner longevity" (2007) by Richards, S. J., The Actuary magazine, November 2007. Download The editorial team of The Actuary chose this as its article of the month in November 2007.

"Two-dimensional mortality data: patterns and projections" (2007) by Richards, S. J., Ellam, J. R., Hubbard, J., Lu, J. L. C., Makin, S. J. and Miller, K. A., Presented to Sessional Meeting of Faculty of Actuaries, March 19th 2007. Download This paper was awarded the Faculty prize for best paper presented to a sessional meeting in the session 2006/2007.

"The importance of year of birth in two-dimensional mortality patterns" (2005) by Richards, S. J., Kirkby, J. G. and Currie, I. D., British Actuarial Journal, 12, I, 5--61. Download

CMI working papers

"Stochastic projection methodologies: Lee-Carter model: features, example results and implications" (2007) by Macdonald, A. S., Gallop, A. P., Miller, K. A., Richards, S. J., Shah, R. and Willets, R. C., Continuous Mortality Investigation Bureau Working Paper No. 25. Download

"Stochastic projection methodologies: Further progress and P-Spline model features, example results and implications" (2006) by Macdonald, A. S., Gallop, A. P., Miller, K. A., Richards, S. J., Shah, R. and Willets, R. C., Continuous Mortality Investigation Bureau Working Paper No. 20. Download

"Projecting future mortality: Towards a proposal for a stochastic methodology" (2005) by Macdonald, A. S., Gallop, A. P., Miller, K. A., Richards, S. J., Shah, R. and Willets, R. C., Continuous Mortality Investigation Bureau Working Paper No. 15. Download

"Projecting future mortality" (2004) by Macdonald, A. S., Gallop, A. P., Miller, K. A., Richards, S. J., Shah, R. and Willets, R. C., Continuous Mortality Investigation Bureau Working Paper No. 3. Download

General mortality

"Uncertainty in measuring mortality" (2006) by Richards, S. J., Richards Consulting. Available free to licence-holders of our software products.

"Damaging your DNA" (2006) by Richards, S. J., Richards Consulting. Download

"Introduction to modelling mortality in R" (2005) by Richards, S. J., Richards Consulting. Available free to licence-holders of our software products.

"Splines in Mortality Modelling" (2005) by Richards, S. J., Richards Consulting. Download

"Gender differentials in mortality" (2004) by Richards, S. J., The Actuary magazine, February 2004. Download The published article was changed from the original by The Actuary, which introduced the unfortunate error of describing gender differentials as 'sexual'.

"Equal gender access to goods and services" (2004) by Select Sub-Committee G, Appearance before House of Lords Select Sub-Committee G, 5 May 2004. Download

General actuarial

"Profit testing" (2004) by Richards, S. J., Encyclopaedia of Actuarial Science, John Wiley and Sons. Available free to licence-holders of our software products.

"Unit-linked business" (2004) by Richards, S. J., Encyclopaedia of Actuarial Science, John Wiley and Sons. Available free to licence-holders of our software products.

Germany

"Deja vu in Deutschland" (2003) by Richards, S. J., Stevenson, D. and Ernest, P., The Actuary magazine. Download

"International expansion: a U.K. perspective" (2000) by Grenham, D. J., Chakraborty, D. C., Chatterjee, A., Daelman, P. J., Heistermann, B., Hogg, L., Mungall, J. R., Porteous, B. T., Richards, S. J., Shum, M. C. and Taylor, J., British Actuarial Journal, Volume 6, Part I, No. 26. Download